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Sealed sources Sealed sources are radioactive sources containing radioactive material that has been encapsulated in a solid, impenetrable capsule, preventing the radioactive material from spreading to its surroundings. From a sealed source the rad...https://stuk.fi/en/sealed-sources
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Construction of a nuclear facility Following the decision-in-principle, the party in charge of the project must apply for and be granted the Government’s licence to construct the nuclear facility. In connection with the construction licence, the a...https://stuk.fi/en/construction
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Operation of a nuclear facility When the nuclear facility is completed, the facility still has to apply for an operating permit from the Government. The operating permit is granted for a limited period of time, and its extension requires a safety ...https://stuk.fi/en/operation
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Laser Lasers are now widely used in our everyday lives. They can be found at home, at work and are used for a wide range of applications. Lasers are a valuable scientific tool in materials, pharmaceutical and forensic science, and play an importan...https://stuk.fi/en/laser-products
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STUK Regulations The Radiation and Nuclear Safety Authority's regulations are issued under the Radiation Act (859/2018) and the Nuclear Energy Act (990/1987). The regulations of the Radiation and Nuclear Safety Authority specify the provisions of ...https://stuk.fi/en/stuk-regulations
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Inspection organisations STUK authorises inspection organisations to inspect pressure equipment, other mechanical equipment as well as steel and concrete structures for nuclear facilities. Operation of STUK-approved inspection organisations is sub...https://stuk.fi/en/inspection-organisations
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Calculation tools Although in most cases measurement is the best way to determine the radiation dose rate or radiation dose, there are situations where calculation methods are more suitable or can replace measurement. Below is a list of calculatio...https://stuk.fi/en/calculation-tools
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Nuclear weapons A nuclear weapon is a bomb whose destructive power is mainly based on the pressure wave and thermal radiation created by the explosion. Another threat is radiation from both radioactive substances released by the explosion and neut...https://stuk.fi/en/nuclear-weapons
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Depleted uranium Depleted uranium is a by-product of the production of uranium fuel used in nuclear power plants. It is used, for example, in aircraft counterweights and in the keels of sailboats. In addition, depleted uranium is used in munitions...https://stuk.fi/en/depleted-uranium
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Hiddenhttps://stuk.fi/en/public-notifications
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About Radon Radon is an odourless and invisible radioactive gas that can occur in indoor air. Measurement is the only way to find out the radon concentration. This section contains important information about radon. Radon in Finland Indoor air rad...https://stuk.fi/en/about-radon
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Open data The content of this page is available in Finnish. Contact us: [email protected] Hiddenhttps://stuk.fi/en/open-data
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Regulatory guide on preparedness (VAL) The VAL 1 guide concerns the protective actions in the early and intermediate phases of a nuclear or radiological emergency. Protective actions are measures aimed to minimise the radiation exposure of the pub...https://stuk.fi/en/val-guides
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Radiation safety The goal of our operations is a radiation-safe Finland. Radiation safety is created as a result of the work of people who know their responsibilities. We work in good cooperation with other authorities, organizations and the entir...https://stuk.fi/en/radiation-safety
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Contacting our experts For contacting our experts and giving feedback on our activities, we kindly request you to use the form below. For example, you can send us a question about radiation in the environment, radiation protection licenses and use...https://stuk.fi/en/send-message
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Nuclear safety STUK supervises nuclear safety in Finland. The license holder is responsible for the safety of nuclear energy use, but STUK sets the safety requirements and oversees their compliance. STUK's supervision includes nuclear facilities, ...https://stuk.fi/en/nuclear-safety
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Advisory Committees The operation and development of STUK is supported by four advisory committees consisting of external members: STUK Advisory Committee Established in spring 2008, this advisory committee is summoned by STUK’s Director General. ...https://stuk.fi/en/advisory-committees
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Food control The Radiation and Nuclear Safety Authority (STUK) monitors the radioactivity of food in order to ensure that radiation levels in products are acceptable for human use. Furthermore, the results provide information that is useful for re...https://stuk.fi/en/food-control
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MetroPOEM project Metrology for the harmonisation of measurements of environmental pollutants in Europe Measurements of environmental pollutants are developed and harmonised in a new three-year project, funded by The European Partnership on Metrol...https://stuk.fi/en/metropoem-project
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Radon in Finland Radon is a colourless and odourless noble gas that is present in the indoor air in buildings. Radon prevention in the construction phase is easier and less expensive than implementing mitigation measures afterwards. Radon-bearing ...https://stuk.fi/en/radon-in-finland
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Finns are protected Finland has made preparations for radiation hazard situations in many ways, even though the likelihood of a serious radiation hazard situation is small. The radiation situation is constantly monitored throughout the country, an...https://stuk.fi/en/finns-are-protected
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Radiation in dailylife In the everyday environment, Finns suffer the most health damage from natural radiation - radon at workplaces, at home and in leisure apartments, and from UV radiation, which must be protected from with clothes, shade and cr...https://stuk.fi/en/radiation-in-dailylife
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Planning and monitoring The content of this page is provided by the Radiation and Nuclear Safety Authority (STUK). The page contains brief information about the planning and monitoring activities and financial figures. The related documentation is...https://stuk.fi/en/planning-and-monitoring
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4.8.2026 | Statement 1 (12) STUK 4/H42213/2022 3.8.2026 STUK SÄTEILYTURVAKESKUS STRÅLSÄKERHETSCENTRALEN RADIATION AND NUCLEAR SAFETY AUTHORITY Osoite | Adress | Jokiniemenkuja 1, 01370 Vantaa | Ånäsgränden 1, 01370 Vanda Address | Jokiniemenkuja 1, 01370 Van...https://stuk.fi/documents/150192312/154500375/STUKin_lausunto_Posivan_k%C3%A4ytt%C3%B6lupahakemuksesta_(en).pdf/e1d8bc7a-36c5-47b8-88a7-623c6281d818?t=1785821138751
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Mushrooms 2025 campaign From July to November 2025, the Radiation and Nuclear Safety Authority (STUK) carried out an extensive measurement campaign on edible mushrooms. The aim of the campaign was to determine the activity concentrations of radioa...https://stuk.fi/en/mushrooms-2025-campaign
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Valitse kieli Suomi Välj språket Svenska Select language English Director General’s review For STUK, 2022 was a year of major planned and unplanned changes. Russia's invasion of Ukraine in February changed the daily schedule of many STUK employees...https://stuk.fi/en/director-general-s-review
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About STUK The purpose of the Radiation and Nuclear Safety Authority’s (STUK) operations is to protect people, society, the environment and future generations from the harmful effects of radiation. In this section, you can read about STUK’s operat...https://stuk.fi/en/about-stuk
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Alara magazine Alara magazine, published by the Radiation and Nuclear Safety Authority of Finland (STUK), was in circulation from 1992 to 2012. It covered topical issues related to the use of radiation, radiation safety, and nuclear safety. The ma...https://stuk.fi/en/alara-magazine
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Talvivaara mine The Talvivaara mine is Terrafame's multi-metal mine located in Sotkamo. Terrafame Ltd submitted an application to the State Council to start uranium production at the mine in late 2017. In spring 2018, the company submitted the app...https://stuk.fi/en/talvivaara-mine
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The content of this page is available in Finnish and Swedish. If you have any inquiries please contact us at [email protected] . Hiddenhttps://stuk.fi/en/warning-signs
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Measuring radon The most common method of measuring radon concentration in the indoor air in a dwelling or workplace is an alpha track detector, which reveals the long-term mean concentration. Reliable measurement should last at least two months ,...https://stuk.fi/en/measuring-radon
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Regulatory Guides on nuclear safety and security (YVL) Authorisation According to Section 7 r of the Nuclear Energy Act (990/1987), the Radiation and Nuclear Safety Authority (STUK) shall specify detailed safety requirements concerning the impleme...https://stuk.fi/en/yvl-guides
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Accessibility statement This accessibility statement applies to the website stuk.fi, which was introduced on 24 May 2023. The website is incomplete. If necessary, the description will be revised as new content and functionalities are added to the ...https://stuk.fi/en/accessibility-statement
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Annual reviews On this page you will find our annual review, where we have compiled the most important events and activities of each year. Year 2024 in STUK Year 2023 in STUK Year 2022 in STUK Our financial statements and activity reports (PDF) ar...https://stuk.fi/en/annual-reviews
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Reporting on nuclear safety Valitse kieli Suomi Välj språket Svenska Select language English International reporting on nuclear safety STUK's international reports on the status and regulatory oversight of Finland's nuclear safety have been compil...https://stuk.fi/en/international-reports
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European collaboration European research platforms are indispensable to the scientific basis of the radiation safety and research funding. Radiation safety is a relatively narrow but multidisciplinary research field also in other European countrie...https://stuk.fi/en/european-collaboration
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Dirty bomb A dirty bomb is a conventional explosive that is set off to carry radioactive substance into the environment. A dirty bomb is not the same as a nuclear weapon or a nuclear explosion. The explosion itself and its consequences would be mo...https://stuk.fi/en/dirty-bomb
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Safety principles Assurance of nuclear safety is based on general principles that have been formed by experience and research. According to these principles, safety is ensured by so-called defence in depth and multiple arrangements. The aim is to ...https://stuk.fi/en/safety-principles
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Learning game for beauty care sector students In spring 2025, the Radiation and Nuclear Safety Authority published a learning game for use by educational institutions in the beauty care sector. The game allows students to learn about the use of ra...https://stuk.fi/en/learning-game
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Environmental radiation We are monitoring radiation in environment in many ways. Our aim is to be aware of radiation that people and environment are exposured. Radiation today Radiation in Europe Monitoring of environmental radiation Radioactivity...https://stuk.fi/en/environmental-radiation
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Hiddenhttps://stuk.fi/en/electromagnetic-fields
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Quality System The quality system of the Radiation Metrology Laboratory is internationally recognized. The laboratory participates in the international CIPM MRA Mutual Recognition Arrangement coordinated by the International Bureau of Weights and ...https://stuk.fi/en/quality-system
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Please enter one or more search word Search Clear 42 results Who is the sunbed's responsible person and what are their duties? The responsible person is appointed by the sunbed owner and is tasked with ensuring the safe use of the sunbed. For exam...https://stuk.fi/en/frequently-asked
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STUK Blog In STUK's blogs, our experts discuss interesting, current phenomena and topics in the field of radiation and nuclear safety. The most recent blog posts are listed as columns on this page. The page is under construction. We apologise for ...https://stuk.fi/en/stuk-column
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Metrological standards The Radiation and Nuclear Safety Authority (STUK) maintains national metrological standards that enable the reliability of radiation measurements. Metrological standards are, for example, precise measuring devices (ionizatio...https://stuk.fi/en/metrological-activities
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Radiation in appliances Electromagnetic fields from home, school and office equipment There are electric and magnetic fields in the vicinity of electrical appliances and wires in the home, school and office. Due to their low voltage, the electric ...https://stuk.fi/en/radiation-in-consumer-products-and-appliances
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Legislation and guides This section contains the most important legislation, regulations, directives and international agreements for STUK's activities. Stuklex (stuklex.fi) is a legal database compiled from the essential regulation applied in Fin...https://stuk.fi/en/legislation-and-guides
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For the media The communications service of the Radiation and Nuclear Safety Authority STUK is happy to help media representatives find the right expert to discuss about radiation and nuclear safety. You can also subscribe to STUK's press releases...https://stuk.fi/en/information-for-media
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Sustainability and responsibility Sustainable development is a continuous and managed social change taking place globally, regionally and locally, with the goal of securing good living opportunities for current and future generations. This also me...https://stuk.fi/en/sustainability
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Courses and Events Information about STUK's upcoming courses and events. 27-28 Oct 2025 MELODI workshop on medical radiation Hiddenhttps://stuk.fi/en/courses-and-events
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Valitse kieli Suomi Välj språket Svenska Select language English Director General’s review Like previous years, 2023 was a year of success for STUK. Professional and motivated personnel achieved monitoring and operational objectives as expected. S...https://stuk.fi/en/director-general-s-review-2023
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Nuclear security arrangements Nuclear security arrangements are measures to secure the use of nuclear energy from activities that endanger nuclear and radiation safety. Safety arrangements are implemented in the nuclear facility and its area as we...https://stuk.fi/en/nuclear-security-arrangements
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Sun's UV radiation Exposure to high levels of ultraviolet radiation (UV radiation) and burning of the skin increases the risk of skin cancer. Protection from the sun's UV rays is particularly important for children and people with fair skin, red h...https://stuk.fi/en/sun-s-uv-radiation
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Small modular reactors STUK is preparing for the possibility that there will be desire want to build smaller nuclear power plants with an electricity output of less than 300 megawatts and small nuclear power plants intended solely for heat product...https://stuk.fi/en/small-modular-reactors
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Research reactor in Otaniemi Finland's first nuclear reactor was commissioned in Otaniemi, Espoo, in 1962. The research reactor was decommissioned in 2015, and ten years later, the facility was released from STUK's regulatory oversight. The FiR 1 ...https://stuk.fi/en/research-reactor-in-otaniemi
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Radioactivity of household water Artificial radioactivity in household water intended for human consumption is monitored in order to assess the internal radiation exposure of humans caused by household water. The cesium-137 (Cs-137) and strontium-...https://stuk.fi/en/radioactivity-of-drinking-water
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Data protection at STUK Data protection involves the protection of personal data and its processing in accordance with law. Everybody possesses the right to their personal data and everybody has the right to protection of their personal data. In i...https://stuk.fi/en/data-protection-at-stuk1
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Olkiluoto nuclear power plant The three nuclear power plant units located in Olkiluoto, Eurajoki, are owned by Teollisuuden Voima Oyj (TVO). Olkiluoto 1 was taken into commercial use in 1979 and Olkiluoto 2 in 1982. In terms of its type, the Olkil...https://stuk.fi/en/olkiluoto-nuclear-power-plant
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Veterinary X-ray practices The purpose of the guidelines is to facilitate the interpretation of radiation legislation and, thereby, to promote radiation safety in practice. The guidelines are not binding as such, but they reflect STUK's view on ho...https://stuk.fi/en/veterinary-x-ray-practices
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What is radiation? Radiation is a natural part of our living environment. There are two types of radiation - ionising and non-ionising. On the other hand, radiation can be either electromagnetic waves or particle radiation. Ionising radiation has ...https://stuk.fi/en/what-is-radiation