Inspections at the Olkiluoto nuclear power plant

STUK carries out inspections to oversee the operation and use of the Olkiluoto nuclear power plant. The periodic inspection programme covers safety management, main operational processes, procedures and technical acceptability of systems.

STUK draws up a plan for the inspection, setting out the subject of the inspection and any preparatory actions required of the licence holder. The result of the inspection and the resulting requirements are set out in the inspection report.

Periodic inspections

Below are summaries of the inspections carried out by STUK in year 2025 in accordance with the periodic inspection programme for the Olkiluoto nuclear power plant.

Nuclear security, 18–21 March 2025

The inspection focused on the safety arrangements at the Olkiluoto nuclear power plant (OL1/OL2/OL3), including physical safety arrangements and information security. The inspection covered the security arrangements development project, exercises and incident management procedures, the results of the 2024 emergency exercise, information security risk management and the resourcing of security arrangements. The inspection included observations of the activities of the safety organisation and interviews and, in particular, the inspection targeted inspection areas related to the OL3 unit’s annual maintenance.

TVO has decided to change the security company it uses. TVO has prepared for the change with a risk assessment and the mapping of risk management measures.

On the basis of the inspection, previous requirements were excluded, and one new requirement was added concerning risk management procedures.

Annual maintenance OL3, 1 March – 29 April 2025

The inspection focused on the annual maintenance of TVO’s Olkiluoto 3 unit. The audit focused on assessing the safety of the plant, work permit practices and radiation protection. This year's inspection focused in particular on the containment building’s leak test.

The Olkiluoto 3 unit’s second annual maintenance was carried out between 1 March and 29 April 2025. Safety-critical work carried out during the annual maintenance included inspections of nuclear fuel and the reactor’s primary circuit and its most important structural components.

The TVO was successful in organising maintenance work, and the activities were deliberate and systematic. Surprising failures and other setbacks were resolved without compromising safety requirements. In STUK’s view, an adequate amount of time was reserved for the implementation and planning of the annual maintenance work, and safety was given priority. On the basis of the inspection, it was found that the TVO has developed its operations based on the experiences and lessons learned from the first annual maintenance.

On the basis of the inspection, STUK required the TVO produce an assessment on the confirmation of plant facility management procedures during the annual maintenance and the adequacy of procedures and instructions related to the subcontracting process. In addition, STUK issued requirements concerning compliance with the selection and classification criteria for event investigation needs and the management doors at interfaces related to radiation protection.

Fire protection 23–24 April 2025

The inspection assessed the efficiency of the fire protection arrangements at nuclear power plants and the efficiency of the power company’s operations, as well as reviewed plans for changes to fire protection arrangements. The inspection covered the implementation of the plant fire brigade’s development programme and the impacts of this on the activities of the fire brigade.

The fire brigade’s operational activities have been significantly developed in recent years. The most visible changes are the transfer of the department fire brigade’s shift personnel from the subcontractor to TVO, the reduction of the shift size and a change to the shift system – also affecting competence requirements, the planning and management of training. The personnel have for the most part been in favour of the changes, although it will take some time to get accustomed to the new shift system and the smaller number of personnel per shift. The introduction of the new shift system has seen the number of training sessions increase and fire chiefs have been given more responsibility for planning the training sessions.

The inspection also covered the processing of proposals for measures made by employees. Based on the results, it was found that a good percentage of proposals for measures related to fire safety are implemented.

A few observations were made during a tour of the OL2 unit, but the overall appearance of the plant was clean.

Based on the inspection, the plant’s safety system meets the requirements set for it. The fire protection systems are in working order and their maintenance, inspection and testing procedures have been carried out appropriately.

Annual maintenance OL1/ OL2, 11 May – 24 June 2025

The inspection of the annual maintenance of the Olkiluoto 1 and 2 units in 2025 focused on assessing the activities and procedures of TVO and subcontractors during the annual maintenance. Supervision was targeted at areas such as user safety, mechanical equipment, electrical and automation technology, and radiation protection.

General areas to be inspected in 2025, included the periodic tests pursuant to Operational Limits and Conditions (OLC). STUK supervised the performance and documentation of periodic tests in connection with other inspections. No significant shortcomings were observed in the periodic tests pursuant to technical specifications and their administration. With regard to the guidelines for the periodic testing of electrical systems pursuant to technical specifications, processing will continue in the autumn in an inspection related to the topic.

The most significant findings made during the inspection concerned the procedures for monitoring the surface activity of the primary circuit and the response capacity of fixed radiation measurements in the reactor hall in lifting events. With regard to these findings, STUK required more detailed clarifications on the application of wipe tests and how radiation measurement can be developed in situations where a significant change in dose rate takes place in the reactor hall, as was the case on 1 June 2025: Due to a malfunction, the control rod rose too close to the surface during the introduction of the new Olkiluoto 2 fuel charging machine, which resulted in six workers being exposed to radiation that was higher than normal. TVO will also prepare an incident report on the matter, which STUK will process.

During the annual maintenance, loose parts got into the Olkiluoto 2 reactor as the result of two different events (as a result of a fault in the fuel charging machine and the breakdown of the reactor inspection equipment). Searching for and removing the loose parts resulted in a lot of work for TVO. During the inspection, STUK also monitored the TVO’s foreign materials exclusion (FME) solutions more extensively. TVO’s investments in development in recent years is evident at work sites and in the plant’s operations. Employees have adopted FME practices as part of their normal work, and TVO takes a sufficiently serious view of loose parts.

Based on the inspection, it can be concluded that the TVO’s actions during the annual maintenance are compliant with requirements and have succeeded in a safe manner and in accordance with a good safety culture.

Radiation protection, 13–14 January 2025

In 2025, the radiation protection inspection was targeted at measuring employees' radiation doses. The inspection covered all plant units (OL1&2 and OL3). The inspection was used to verify organisational matters included in the approval of the dosimetric service, such as responsibilities and access rights, operating in accordance with instructions and the equipment used in the dosimetric service. The inspection also included a test, that was announced in advance, in which a small number of dosimeters were irradiated at different radiation doses in STUK’s metrological standard laboratory. In the test, TVO met the criteria set for determining the radiation doses of dosimeters.

Based on the inspection, STUK found that TVO has procedures that enable high-quality operations in determining employees' radiation doses. One requirement was presented in the inspection, concerning the notification to STUK of changes in the organisation of the approved dosimetric service.

Personnel resources and competence (TVO–Posiva joint inspection), 27–28 February 2025

The audit focused on Posiva’s and TVO’s shared HR and competence procedures and the assessment of their adequacy as well as the identification and management of competence needs. In other words, how the procedures of both licence holders enable Posiva to have the necessary and competent resources at its disposal.

Posiva uses TVO’s resources and expertise for many functions. TVO’s personnel planning work is also carried out in a managed manner in connection with the annual planning process and budgeting. The resource needs are coordinated in the personnel planning process. STUK considers that TVO ensures that Posiva has access to the competence it needs in many different ways. However, Posiva still needs to deploy practices like the personnel planning process and ensure the competence and sufficient working hours of the various system and equipment managers. With regard to guidelines, it is important for TVO and Posiva to identify what instructions are needed for each task.

There is an established service agreement model between TVO and Posiva for reserving and procuring resources. Human resources shared by TVO and Posiva are discussed in many cooperation forums and groups. If necessary, issues related to resourcing are escalated for resolution. Based on the inspection, STUK finds that Posiva’s procedures for managing external resources seem appropriate.

STUK made several observations during the inspection, which are essential from the point of view of safety ensuring as Posiva approaches the production phase. Based on the inspection, STUK does not present any requirements. Based on the inspection, the subject areas of this inspection as they relate to personnel planning and resource requirements as well as competence development and assessment, can be considered to be at an acceptable level.