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    Säteilyturvakeskus STUK
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    • Frontpage
    • SERVICES AND GUIDANCE
      • E-services and forms
      • Applying for a safety licence for the use of radiation
        • Fees for radiation practices regulation
        • Issuing authorizations for dealing with STUK
      • STUK's measurement and calibration services
        • Measurement for radioactivity in samples
        • Radiation meter calibrations and testing and irradiation
        • Measurements, tests and calibrations of non-ionizing radiation
        • PCXMC − Monte Carlo program for calculating patient doses from x-ray examinations
        • Fees for STUK's services and general terms of delivery
      • Legislation and guides
        • STUK's regulatory guides and decisions
        • STUK's regulations
        • Renewal of the nuclear safety regulation
      • Report a radiation safety deviation
      • Open data
      • Calculation tools
        • AASI - Program for simulating energy spectra in alpha spectrometry
    • RADIATION IN DAILYLIFE
      • What is radiation?
      • About Radon
        • Radon in Finland
        • Reference levels and regulations concerning radon in dwellings
        • Sources of Radon
        • Measuring radon
        • Radon mitigation
        • Radon in new buildings
        • Maps of radon in Finland
        • About radon regulation in general
        • National action plan to prevent radon risks
        • Radon causes lung cancer
      • Electromagnetic fields
        • Base stations
        • Electricity grids and power lines
      • Sun's UV radiation
        • What is UV radiation?
        • Ultraviolet radiation causes skin cancer
        • Protect yourself properly from the sun
        • Shade protects against UV radiation
      • Beauty care and sunbeds
        • Sunbeds
        • Radiation in beauty care
      • Use of radiation in medicine
      • Environmental radiation
        • Monitoring of environment radiation
        • Radiation today on the map
        • Radiation in Europe - Eurdep
        • Radioactivity in outdoor air
        • Radioactivity of the deposition
        • Food control
        • Radioactivity of drinking water
        • Radioactivity in the Baltic Sea
        • Radioactivity in surface water
        • Radioactivity in human body
      • Laser products
      • Health effects of radiation
      • How do healthcare and industry utilize radiation?
      • Radioactivity in consumer products
      • Radiation in appliances
      • Ultrasound
    • RADIATION SAFETY
      • Nuclear safety
        • Regulatory oversight of nuclear facilities
        • Regulatory oversight of nuclear safety
        • Licensing of nuclear facilities
        • Reporting on nuclear safety
        • Information on nuclear power plants
        • Information on nuclear waste
        • Peaceful uses of nuclear energy
      • For the user of radiation
        • Occupational radiation exposure and health surveillance
        • Prerequisites for a safety licence
        • STUK supervises radiation practices
        • Radiation protection training and qualifications
        • Radiation measurements and approvals
        • Radiation safety deviations
        • Guidelines for different sectors
        • Medical examinations and the resulting radiation exposure
        • Warning signs
        • Beauty care and sunbed services
        • Laser performances
      • Practice that causes exposure to natural radiation
        • What is practice that causes exposure to natural radiation
        • Radon at workplace
        • Radon in other premises used by people
        • Radon in underground mines and at excavation sites
        • Monitoring of radioactivity in household water
        • The radioactivity of building materials and ash
        • Industrial practices involving exposure to natural radiation - NORM
      • Preparedness for radiation hazards
        • Finns are protected
        • Authorities cooperate in the event of a radiation hazard situation
        • What could threaten Finland?
        • Actions in a radiation hazard situation
        • Abnormal events related to radiation
    • CURRENT ISSUES
      • Press releases and news
      • STUK Blog
      • Subscribe STUK's news articles
      • Publications
      • Newsletter
      • Information for media
      • Social media
      • Situation in Ukraine
    • ABOUT STUK
      • Get to know STUK
        • Tasks
        • Strategy
        • STUK as a workplace
        • Annual reviews
        • Equality and non-discrimination
        • Sustainability
        • Planning and monitoring
        • International reviews of STUK's operations
        • Advisory Committees
      • Networks and Co-operations
        • Cores - Finnish consortium of radiation safety research
        • iViolin - guidance for optimization of oncological imaging
        • MetroPOEM project
      • Information on STUK's website
        • Cookies on website
        • Processing of personal data on the website
        • Data protection at STUK
        • Accessibility statement
        • Sitemap
        • Processing of personal data in Communications
      • Contact us
        • Send message
        • How to reach us
    • Nuclear safety
      • Regulatory oversight of nuclear facilities
        • Loviisa nuclear power plant
        • Olkiluoto nuclear power plant
          • Olkiluoto 3
        • Encapsulation and final disposal facility
        • Research reactor in Otaniemi
        • Small modular reactors
        • Talvivaara mine
      • Regulatory oversight of nuclear safety
        • Nuclear facility practices
        • Radiation safety of nuclear facilities
        • Nuclear security arrangements
        • Inspection organisations
        • Nuclear materials
        • Nuclear waste management
      • Licensing of nuclear facilities
        • Before construction
        • Construction
        • Operation
        • Decommissioning
      • Reporting on nuclear safety
        • Inspections at the Loviisa nuclear power plant
        • Inspections at the Olkiluoto nuclear power plant
        • Oversight reports of final disposal facility
        • International reports
      • Information on nuclear power plants
        • Safety principles
        • Operation of a nuclear power plant
        • Types of nuclear power plants
        • Hanhikivi nuclear power plant project
        • Nuclear power plant accidents
          • Fukushima nuclear power plant accident
          • Chernobyl nuclear power plant accident
      • Information on nuclear waste
        • Taking care of nuclear waste
      • Peaceful uses of nuclear energy
    • For the user of radiation
      • Occupational radiation exposure and health surveillance
      • Prerequisites for a safety licence
      • STUK supervises radiation practices
      • Radiation protection training and qualifications
      • Radiation measurements and approvals
      • Radiation safety deviations
        • Anonymized radiation safety deviations
        • Analysis of minor deviations
        • Analysis of more significant deviations
      • Guidelines for different sectors
        • Veterinary X-ray practices
        • Trade, import and export of radioactive materials and consumer products
        • Aviation
        • Radioactive waste and discharges
        • Transport of radioactive substances
        • Radiation shielding of X-ray rooms in health care and veterinary practice
        • Dental X-ray practices
      • Medical examinations and the resulting radiation exposure
        • Surveys
      • Warning signs
      • Beauty care and sunbed services
        • Information for professionals in the beauty care industry
        • Information for professionals in the sunbed services
        • Supervision of beauty care and sunbed services
      • Laser performances
    • Practice that causes exposure to natural radiation
      • What is practice that causes exposure to natural radiation
      • Radon at workplace
        • Areas where radon measurement in workplace is obligatory
        • Workplace radon concentrations in Finland
        • Workplaces built on highly permeable soils, where radon measurement in the workplace is required
        • Radon concentration during working hours
        • STUKs monitoring projects at workplaces
      • Radon in other premises used by people
      • Radon in underground mines and at excavation sites
      • Monitoring of radioactivity in household water
      • The radioactivity of building materials and ash
      • Industrial practices involving exposure to natural radiation - NORM
        • Obligation to report exposure to natural radiation - NORM
        • Waste containing naturally occurring radioactive materials
    • Preparedness for radiation hazards
      • Finns are protected
      • Authorities cooperate in the event of a radiation hazard situation
      • What could threaten Finland?
        • Dirty bomb
        • Depleted uranium
      • Actions in a radiation hazard situation
        • Information sources for members of the public
        • Instructions for members of the public
        • Sheltering indoors reduces radiation exposure
        • The iodine tablet protects the thyroid gland
        • Preventing health effects of radiation
        • Radiation measurements
        • The voluntary radiation measurement team strengthens Finland's measurement capacity
      • Abnormal events related to radiation
        • The International Nuclear and Radiological Event Scale INES
    • Säteilyturvakeskus STUK
    • RADIATION SAFETY
    • For the user of radiation
    • Medical examinations and the resulting radiation exposure
    • Surveys

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    • Frontpage
    • SERVICES AND GUIDANCE
      • E-services and forms
      • Applying for a safety licence for the use of radiation
        • Fees for radiation practices regulation
        • Issuing authorizations for dealing with STUK
      • STUK's measurement and calibration services
        • Measurement for radioactivity in samples
          • Measurement methods and delivery times
          • Indoor air radon measurements
        • Radiation meter calibrations and testing and irradiation
          • Metrological activities
          • Quality system
        • Measurements, tests and calibrations of non-ionizing radiation
        • PCXMC − Monte Carlo program for calculating patient doses from x-ray examinations
        • Fees for STUK's services and general terms of delivery
      • Legislation and guides
        • STUK's regulatory guides and decisions
          • YVL Guides
          • VAL Guides
        • STUK's regulations
        • Renewal of the nuclear safety regulation
      • Report a radiation safety deviation
      • Open data
      • Calculation tools
        • AASI - Program for simulating energy spectra in alpha spectrometry
    • RADIATION IN DAILYLIFE
      • What is radiation?
      • About Radon
        • Radon in Finland
        • Reference levels and regulations concerning radon in dwellings
        • Sources of Radon
        • Measuring radon
        • Radon mitigation
        • Radon in new buildings
        • Maps of radon in Finland
        • About radon regulation in general
        • National action plan to prevent radon risks
        • Radon causes lung cancer
      • Electromagnetic fields
        • Base stations
        • Electricity grids and power lines
      • Sun's UV radiation
        • What is UV radiation?
        • Ultraviolet radiation causes skin cancer
        • Protect yourself properly from the sun
        • Shade protects against UV radiation
      • Beauty care and sunbeds
        • Sunbeds
        • Radiation in beauty care
      • Use of radiation in medicine
      • Environmental radiation
        • Monitoring of environment radiation
        • Radiation today on the map
        • Radiation in Europe - Eurdep
        • Radioactivity in outdoor air
        • Radioactivity of the deposition
          • The effects of the Chernobyl accident in Finland
          • Nuclear tests in the atmosphere
        • Food control
          • Radioactivity of milk
          • Radioactivity in sold natural produce
          • Daily food and drink
        • Radioactivity of drinking water
          • Wastes from removal of radioactive substances from domestic water
        • Radioactivity in the Baltic Sea
        • Radioactivity in surface water
        • Radioactivity in human body
          • Determination of radioactive subtances in the body
          • The average radiation dose received by a Finn
      • Laser products
      • Health effects of radiation
      • How do healthcare and industry utilize radiation?
      • Radioactivity in consumer products
      • Radiation in appliances
      • Ultrasound
    • RADIATION SAFETY
      • Nuclear safety
        • Regulatory oversight of nuclear facilities
          • Loviisa nuclear power plant
          • Olkiluoto nuclear power plant
            • Olkiluoto 3
          • Encapsulation and final disposal facility
          • Research reactor in Otaniemi
          • Small modular reactors
          • Talvivaara mine
        • Regulatory oversight of nuclear safety
          • Nuclear facility practices
          • Radiation safety of nuclear facilities
          • Nuclear security arrangements
          • Inspection organisations
          • Nuclear materials
          • Nuclear waste management
        • Licensing of nuclear facilities
          • Before construction
          • Construction
          • Operation
          • Decommissioning
        • Reporting on nuclear safety
          • Inspections at the Loviisa nuclear power plant
          • Inspections at the Olkiluoto nuclear power plant
          • Oversight reports of final disposal facility
          • International reports
        • Information on nuclear power plants
          • Safety principles
          • Operation of a nuclear power plant
          • Types of nuclear power plants
          • Hanhikivi nuclear power plant project
          • Nuclear power plant accidents
            • Fukushima nuclear power plant accident
            • Chernobyl nuclear power plant accident
        • Information on nuclear waste
          • Taking care of nuclear waste
        • Peaceful uses of nuclear energy
      • For the user of radiation
        • Occupational radiation exposure and health surveillance
        • Prerequisites for a safety licence
        • STUK supervises radiation practices
        • Radiation protection training and qualifications
        • Radiation measurements and approvals
        • Radiation safety deviations
          • Anonymized radiation safety deviations
          • Analysis of minor deviations
          • Analysis of more significant deviations
        • Guidelines for different sectors
          • Veterinary X-ray practices
          • Trade, import and export of radioactive materials and consumer products
          • Aviation
          • Radioactive waste and discharges
          • Transport of radioactive substances
          • Radiation shielding of X-ray rooms in health care and veterinary practice
          • Dental X-ray practices
        • Medical examinations and the resulting radiation exposure
          • Surveys
        • Warning signs
        • Beauty care and sunbed services
          • Information for professionals in the beauty care industry
          • Information for professionals in the sunbed services
          • Supervision of beauty care and sunbed services
        • Laser performances
      • Practice that causes exposure to natural radiation
        • What is practice that causes exposure to natural radiation
        • Radon at workplace
          • Areas where radon measurement in workplace is obligatory
          • Workplace radon concentrations in Finland
          • Workplaces built on highly permeable soils, where radon measurement in the workplace is required
          • Radon concentration during working hours
          • STUKs monitoring projects at workplaces
        • Radon in other premises used by people
        • Radon in underground mines and at excavation sites
        • Monitoring of radioactivity in household water
        • The radioactivity of building materials and ash
        • Industrial practices involving exposure to natural radiation - NORM
          • Obligation to report exposure to natural radiation - NORM
          • Waste containing naturally occurring radioactive materials
      • Preparedness for radiation hazards
        • Finns are protected
        • Authorities cooperate in the event of a radiation hazard situation
        • What could threaten Finland?
          • Dirty bomb
          • Depleted uranium
        • Actions in a radiation hazard situation
          • Information sources for members of the public
          • Instructions for members of the public
          • Sheltering indoors reduces radiation exposure
          • The iodine tablet protects the thyroid gland
          • Preventing health effects of radiation
          • Radiation measurements
          • The voluntary radiation measurement team strengthens Finland's measurement capacity
        • Abnormal events related to radiation
          • The International Nuclear and Radiological Event Scale INES
    • CURRENT ISSUES
      • Press releases and news
      • STUK Blog
      • Subscribe STUK's news articles
      • Publications
      • Newsletter
      • Information for media
      • Social media
      • Situation in Ukraine
    • ABOUT STUK
      • Get to know STUK
        • Tasks
        • Strategy
        • STUK as a workplace
          • STUK career stories: Elina works as a local inspector at the Olkiluoto nuclear power plant
        • Annual reviews
          • Year 2023 in STUK
            • Director General’s review
            • STUK's finances in 2023: strengthening cost-efficient operations and a sustainable economy
            • STUK monitors around the clock
            • Cooperation with Ukraine strengthened
            • Decommissioning of Finland’s first nuclear reactor started
            • STUK’s supervision ensured the safety of nuclear power plants
            • Safety assessment of spent nuclear fuel disposal facility continued
            • STUK makes preparations for the arrival of small modular reactors
            • Measurements in the environment and laboratories: radiation measurement data from 2023
            • Radon monitoring and communication
            • R&D supports monitoring and preparedness
            • STUK investigated radiation exposure caused to luggage by the new fluoroscopic equipment
            • New radiation shield use recommendation for patients during X-ray examinations
            • The new website was implemented on time without compromising on quality
            • Happy officials express their views
            • STUK promotes several sustainable development goals
          • Year 2022 in STUK
            • Director General’s review
            • The new office building in Vantaa meets STUK's special requirements
            • Intensive year of supervision in Olkiluoto
            • The year 2022 changed the focus of international co-operation
            • Cooperation with the African Commission on Nuclear Energy launched
            • Professors of Practice instill radiation safety expertise and research in universities
            • Ultraviolet radiation and radon monitoring and communication
            • Work for a radiation safe Baltic Sea
            • Use of radiation was supervised in industry, research and the health sector
            • STUK employee for more than 30 years: Elina Martikka
            • STUK's finances and personnel in 2022
        • Equality and non-discrimination
        • Sustainability
        • Planning and monitoring
        • International reviews of STUK's operations
        • Advisory Committees
      • Networks and Co-operations
        • Cores - Finnish consortium of radiation safety research
          • National Radiation Safety Research Programme
          • European collaboration
        • iViolin - guidance for optimization of oncological imaging
        • MetroPOEM project
      • Information on STUK's website
        • Cookies on website
        • Processing of personal data on the website
        • Data protection at STUK
          • Data protection at STUK
        • Accessibility statement
        • Sitemap
        • Processing of personal data in Communications
      • Contact us
        • Send message
        • How to reach us